上海教师招聘：高中英语“特殊分词用法归纳”（语法知识）

【特殊分词用法归纳】

1. considering “就……而论、照……来看;考虑到”，既可用作介词，又可用作连词。例：

I hear he is more than 70， but he is still very strong， considering his age.

听说他已经 70 多岁了，但从他的年纪来看，他仍然很结实。

Considering(that)he did not study hard， he did well on the test.考虑到他没有用功，他考得还不错。

另：considering 还可用作副词，通常置于句尾，意为“从各方面看”。例：

She seems(to be)very bright， considering.从各方面看，她似乎很聪明。

2. providing / provided “倘若……;在……的条件下”，用作连词，引导条件状语从句，但从句不用虚拟语气。例：

We'll visit Europe next year, provided / providing(that)we have the money.如果我们有这笔钱，我们明年将去欧洲游览。

I shall go provided / providing(that)it does not rain.倘若天不下雨，我就去。

3. supposing / suppose “假如、假定”用作连词，引导条件状语从句，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。例：

Supposing / Suppose(that)the weather were bad， where would you go?假如天气不好，你去什么地方?

Supposing / Suppose(that)she doesn't come， what should we do?假如她不来我们该怎么办?

supposing 可用在一个简单句中，相当于 What would / will happen if … / What does it matter if …例：

Supposing I don't see her.(=What will happen if I don't see her?)假如我见不到她，那该怎么办?

suppose 意为“假定;万一;倘若;不妨;何不”。例：

(Let us)Suppose(that)his statement is right.假定他的陈述是正确的。

4. according to /by “根据…… / 按照……”，用作连词。例：

According to my watch， it's 4 o'clock.按照我表上的时间，现在是4点钟。

You may go or stay， according as you decide.去还是留，由你来决定。

You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.根据工作好坏你将会受到奖惩。

according to 与 according by 的区别在于：

(1)according by 不可与表示人的名词或代词连用; according to 可与表示人的名词或代词连用。

(2)according to 只能表示来自他处的信息，而不能表示来自说话者本身的信息。

例：

According to(不能用 by)my clock， it is 12 o'clock.根据我表上的时间，现在是 12 点。

According to(不能用 by)her (不能用 me), the war broke out in 1923. 根据她所说的，那场战争在 1923 年爆发。

5. compared with/to “将……与……比较”，用作介词。例：

Compared with/to her mother，she is tall.和她母亲比起来，她算很高了。

6. including “包含”，用作介词。例：

I have to prepare food for seven people，including me. 我必须准备包括自己在内 7 个人的食物。

7. owing to “由于……因为……”，用作介词。seeing(that)“由于……;既然……;因为……”，用作连词。例：

Owing to unfavourable weather，I was unable to carry on with it. 由于天气不好，我不能把它进行下去。

Seeting(that)he is ill， he's unlikely to come. 由于生病的缘故，他可能不来了。

8. judging from / by(=to judge by)“由……来判断”，用作介词。例：

Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.由他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。

Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province. 从他的口音来判断，他一定来自广东。

9. regarding(=as regards, in regard to, with regard to)/ respecting(=as respects, in respect to, with respect to)/ concerning(=as concerns)/ relating to 均用作介词，意为“关于，就……而言”，相当于 about, 但比 about 正式。例：

Regarding this point， he is correct.关于这一点，他是对的。

Respecting your salary， we shall come to a decision later. 关于你的工资，我们将在以后做出决定。

Concerning your letter， I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable. 关于来信，我很高兴地通知你，我们觉得你的计划是可接受的。

10. given “如果有……，假定……，考虑到……”，既可用作介词，也可用作连词。例：

Given that they are inexperienced， they have done a good job. 考虑到他们经验不足，他们的工作做得还不错。

Given his support，I think we'll win the election.若能获得他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。

11. granted / granting 用作连词，意为“就算……，假定……，纵使……，姑且承认”例:

Granted / Granting you are right， I won't do it. 就算你说的是正确的，我也不打算做那事。

12. assuming / say (用于句首，与 Let's 连用)意为“假定……假使”例：

Assuming / Say ( Let's say ) that war breaks out， what do you do?